Brake



June 2, 1936- N. w. PEARSON 2,042,624

BRAKE Filed March 17,1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 110 OIL LEI EL June 2, 1936. N. w. PEARSON 2,042,524

BRAKE Filed March 1'7, 19:55 I s Sheets- Sheet 2 W1TNE55= INVENTOR ,I NmrmanWFEarsnh H1 ATTORNEY June 2, 1936.

N. w. PEARSON BRAKE 5 Sheets- Sheet 5 Filed March 17, 1933 INVENTOR NnrmanWF a ars an WITNESS.

I [iv 4 M Patented June 2, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 17,

10 Claims.

This invention relates to brakes, and has for an object to provide a brake especially adapted, though not exclusively limited, to use in connection with automotive vehicles, and exhibiting such variation as is necessary to conform to the requirements of rear brakes and front brakes.

A further object of the invention is to provide a brake, the contacting and frictional parts of which are constructed to run in oil.

A further object of the invention is to provide a brake having cup and cone interengaging parts, one of which rotates with the wheel of the vehicle, with a housing surrounding the cone and cup adapted to retain oil Within the housing, for lubricating the cone and cup connection.

- A further object of the invention is to provide improved means whereby wear occurring between the cup and cone frictional parts due to lengthy use may be taken up automatically so that the brake will continue to function through a long period of time.

A further object of the invention is to provide a brake of the cup and cone type adapted to be. actuated by hydraulic means.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved parts and instrumentalities for carrying out the objects of the invention hereinbefore recited.

The invention, therefore, comprises means cooperating with the axle of an automotive vehicle, whereby a part of the structure is turned in consonance with the turning of the wheel, and other parts retained in positions stationary relative to the frame of the vehicle, with cup and cone interengaging parts adapted to exert frictional resistance one against the other, and one movable axially relative to the other, said cup and cone being included within a housing properly arranged to retain oil in engagement with said cup and cone with cam faces interengaging, one of which may be moved about the axis manually, or by the application of force, in any approved manner so that such movement is translated into the movement longitudinally of the axle of the interengaging parts.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view of the brake substantially in diametrical section and arranged as a rear brake,

Figure 2 is a fragment shown substantially in diametrical section but arranged as a front brake,

Figure 3 is a view in elevation of the disk carrying the cone,

Figure 4 is a view in elevation of the cup member,

1933, Serial No. 661,277

Figure 5 is a view in elevation of either the cone shown at Figure 3, or the cup shown at Figure 4, seen from the reverse side and disclosing the cams,

Figure 6 is a view in elevation of a support for the brake trunnion as shown at Figure 1,

Figure '7 is a view in elevation. of the manual brake lever shown in edge elevation, brokenv at Figure 1,

Figure 8 is a view in elevation of the rear side of the brake with the housing removed and illustrating the front wheel type,

Figure 9 is a view in elevation of the housing which encloses the structure shown at Figure 8,

Figure 10 is a detailed view in elevation of the segmental rack and latch for taking up the wear in the brake,

Figure 11 is a view in elevation of the detent engaging the segmental rack and serving to apply braking stress to the structure, and

Figure 12 is a fragmental elevation of one of the cam disks.

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

In the present development of vehicles of the automotive type, the brakes for the front and rear wheels must vary slightly in view of the difference of structure apparent in the vehicle itself. For instance, the rear wheels are mounted rigidly upon axles which rotate with the wheels, while the front wheels are mounted. upon axles which are stationary except for angular movement in steering.

A further difference is that at the present time the so-called emergency brake or hand operated brake is applied to the rear wheels only, whereas the servo-brake operates brakes for all four wheels.

The present invention adapts itself to this custom or condition and provides means whereby brakes embodying the same principle and substantially the same mechanical features may be employed upon both the front and rear wheels.

Taking up Figure 1 as an example, it will be seen that this is intended as a rear wheel construction, the axle being mounted in the housing 2| and provided with a tapered section 22 upon which the hub 23 is applied.

In the present structure a plate 24 is mounted to rotate relative to the axle or, more accurately, permit the rotation of the axle relative to the plate 24 which is held against rotation by any approved structure. As the means for holding this against rotation will vary with diiferent ed to slide upon the housing 2| and one of its' sides bears against the cup member 32, whichis splined to the hub 23, as shown at 33.

This cup member 32 has a comically inclinedcam face 34 which is mounted to engage the cam face 28 of the cover member26/ When,'-therefore, this cup member slides upon the-axle-ZO and upon the spline 33, it brings into'engage-' ment' the conical surfaces of the cover member 26 and cup member 32.

Sufficient stress exerted upon these parts in such interconnection will exert a braking stress upon the cup member, which is transmitted to the axle through the spline 33. For the purpose of moving the cam plate 3| to perform this function, a second cam plate 36 is mounted to be moved in a rotary direction upon the housing 2|. 3 i

The plates 3| and 36 are each provided upon their contacting surfaces with rosette cams 31, shown -more p'articularly at Figure 5, in which the numeral 3| indicates the disk so designated but the cams are identical in reversed order upon the plate 36. The interengagement of these cam surfaces and the rotary movement of the plate 36 serves to move the plate 3| longitudinally upon the housing 2| and to bear against the cup member 32 to force it into braking engagement with the cone 26.

With the cover member 26 in place, as described, the'structure thus far disclosed is wholly enclosed within a housing which is oil-tight, and adapted to retain oil for the purpose of lubricating the parts whereby the brake'will run in oil as distinguished from the present teaching that oil must not be applied to a brake.

For moving the plate 36 as described, a ring 38 is mounted surrounding the flange 25 and is connected to the plate 36 by means of a pin 39 which passes through a slot 48 in the flange 25 so that a rotary movement of the ring .38 upon the exterior of the housing is transmitted by this pin into a like rotary movement of the plate 36 within the housing.

It will be noted that the slot 40 is at the top of the housing and that the oil maintained within the housing is not, therefore, likely to escape through such slot as all parts, with the exception of the slot 48 and pin'39, are relatively tight fitting.

To maintain the ring 38 in position, the flange 25 is provided with an annular shoulder 4| which engages one side of the ring 38, and a stop 42 upon the opposite side of the ring 38 is secured in any usual and well-known manner, as by the use of clamping bolts (not shown).

So that the housing may be substantially oil tight relative to the hub, a gasket 43 is employed with a compression follower 44 applied by means of screw threads 45; An annular plate 461s employed to hold the follower in'position, which in turn "is secured by screws 41.

For the purpose of operating the ring 38 and,

therefore, operating the brake, a cylinder 48 is rigidly applied to the plate 24 with a tube 49 leading therefrom to some point adjacent the top of the structure, as at 50, where means, as the screw thread 5|, is provided for connection with a conduit extending to any approved source of fluid pressure. 7

The cylinder 48 is provided with a piston (not shown), and piston rod 52, which extends upwardly and is pivoted at 53 to an arm 54. This arm 54 is integral, or rigidly associated with a sleeve 55 which is mounted to oscillate upon a trunnion 56. The trunnion is'supported by having one end screw-threaded into the plate 24,

as'at 51, and the outer end supported by a brace.

- At Figure 6 the type of brace is shown employed upon the rear brake.

trunnion-56 and a strut 59, with a clamp collar 68 which'clamps about the housing 2| of the rear end.

As applied to the rear brake, the sleeve 55 has mounted therein a second sleeve 6| to which is rigidly connected the lever 62, a clamping screw 63, and key connection 64, accomplishing the purpose. The upper end of this lever 62 is bifurcated, as shown at 65, and a block 66 pivoted therein. I

Through this block a rod 61 is slidably mounted and extends to any type of energy exerting mechanism. A spring 68 permits the lever 62 to move slidably relative to the rod 61, while the rod 61 remains stationary.

Also rigidly mounted upon the sleeve 6| is a lever 69 so that at every impulse imparted to the lever 62 by the hand brake lever, the lever 69 is'also actuated. This lever 69 is provided with a spring pressed detent 18 which engages a segmental rack rigidly secured to the ring 38, in any approved manner, as by the offsets 12.

When, therefore, the lever 69 is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow at Figure 8, the segment II is moved therewith, moving also the ring 38, which movement is transmitted to the operating parts, as hereinbefore noted.

It is intended that the movement of the ring 38 for each braking impulse transmitted to the lever 69 shall not be materially greater than the inclines accompanying the notches, or forming the notches on the segment 1 vided for limiting the movement of the lever 69.

When, however, because of wear or other conditions, the segmentis moved a greater distance than provided by one notch, a lock shown as an. entirety at 14 in Figure 8 engages one of the notches of the segment 1|.

As shown in detail at Figure 10, the sliding bolt 15 is pressed by the spring 16 to accomplish this purpose. When the wear has permitted the movement of the segment II and ring 38 to such an extent that the latch 14 will lock, then the return of the detent 10 will engage another one of the notches of the segment TI and will continue to function in the same manner.

To permit the operation of the lever 69 from the hydraulic cylinder 48, the sleeve 55 is provided with a lug 'I'l which overhangs the lever 69 so that when the sleeve 55 is moved by the lever 54, then such movement is transmitted to the lever 69 which in turn oscillates the sleeve 6| and therewith the lever 62, which moves against the tension of the spring 68 along the 'rod 61. 7

To retract the ring 38 for subsequent action, springs 18 are provided, secured at one end by the clip 19 to the ring and at the opposite end bythe A stop 13 is pro- I i This comprises a clamp 58 which engages the outer end of the be connected directly to and rigid with the sleeve 55. In fact, it may be formed integral therewith.

In view of the modification, the supporting strut 59 differs from the strut 59 in having a base 84 of horseshoe shape secured to the knuckle elements 82 and, therefore, partially surrounding the king bolt 83. It is secured in any approved manner, as by the screws or rivets 85.

As the hub 23' must rotate about the axle 20', ball bearing races 86 and 81 are provided. In both types the wheels are secured to the axle by means of nuts 88, in one case bearing directly against the hub, and in the other case, bearing against the ball bearing unit 81. Also, it will be noted that in both forms, the journal of the wheel extends through the oil chamber. In the form shown in Fig. 1, this constitutes the rotary axle 20, whereas in the form shown in Fig. 2 it comprises the hub 23.

The operative structure above disclosed is encased. The casing comprises a section 89 which is rigidly secured to the hub 23, but having a tapered bore 90, and secured by means of a key III. This taper permits the sleeve to be seated upon the hub firmly and lock nuts 92 and 93 are provided for holding the member in such position.

Interlying these nuts 92 and 93 a lock washer 94 is provided, having a tongue 95 which passes into the groove provided for the key 9I and about its periphery has a plurality of tongues 96 which are bent down over the plane parts of the nut 93.

The rear part of the casing varies slightly in the two types. At Figure 9 is shown the type adapted especially for the front brake. It comprises two halves 91 and 98 with a bulge 99 properly proportioned to cover the underlying mechanism. It will be understood, of course, that the bulge in the two plates may vary slightly.

At Figure 9 an opening I is shown at that part of the axle cooperating with the knuckle members 92 and engaged by the king bolt 83, the slot being made wide enough to permit the wheel to angle relative to the axle.

These sections of casing are supported by means of lugs IOI which are spaced at intervals about and integral with the plate 24 and extend outwardly to such position as will properly be engaged by the rear section of the casing.

These casings are provided with flanges I02 which extend forwardly and are provided with upturned fins I03 which rotate as nearly as clearance will permit in relation to like fins I04 formed upon the flanges I05 of the front section of the casing 89.

Both ofthese front casing sections are provided with threaded studs I06 by which a wheel is secured to this structure. As shown in the drawings, this is designed to receive a wheel of the disk, or wire-spoke type, but it is obvious that a modification could be made to accommodate other types of wheels.

The housing formed by the flange 25 and cover member 26, as heretofore explained, is intended for retention of oil. To that end a filler nipple I01 is provided, capped as at I08; (See Figures 8 and 9.) As shown in Figure 1, the lower part of the member 24 is cut away to permit of the ready flow of oil to all parts of the oil chamber. This cut away provides a space between the member 24 and the cam member 36.

A predetermined height for oil within this housing has been considered and an overflow I09 is provided, which is capped at H0. Also, a drain III is closed by the cap H2. From this drain nipple III a conduit H3 extends from'the interior of this housing to the exterior, it being understood that the inlet and overflow are-similarly constructed to communicate with this chamber.

The structure is constructed to accommodate ball bearings, and to that end the ball race H4 bears against a shoulder H5 on the axle and the companion ball race H6 is engaged by the follower 44. The ball race I I1 bears against the collar I I8 formed upon the axle 20 while the companion ball race H9 is engaged. by the shoulder H9 and the nut I20 upon the threaded part I2I of the axle clamps the gasket I20 against the ball race part H9. The threaded part I2I is grooved, as at I22, and a washer I23 with a. tongue I24 engages in the groove. The washer I23 has a tongue I25 which is bent into one of a number of recesses I26 formed in the sides of the nut I20.

In operation, with the parts assembled as shown at Figures 1 and 2, the filler cap I08 and the drain cap H0 will be removed and oil introduced through the filler nipple I01 until it overflows at I09. This indicates the proper height of oil within the inner housing.

With the wheel attached in the usual manner, the device will function as follows:

When the axle 20 is rotated under power, it will drive the hub 23 by reason of the spline connection 9I and by reason of the connection of the sleeve 90 to this hub, will drive the plate 89 and therewith the wheel.

When the brake is to be applied, hydraulically, hydraulic pressure will be established within the cylinder 48 by any approved pumping construction. This will actuate the lever 54 to rotate the sleeve 55, and by reason of the lug 1'! bearing against the lever 69, will move that lever in the direction indicated by the arrow at Figure 8, which will carry with it the rack H and the ring 38.

The movement of the ring 38 will be transmitted by the pin 39 to the disk 36 and by reason of the cam arrangement between this disk 36 and the disk 3|, will move the disks 3| toward the wheel. This disk 3| is held against rotation by the guide members 29, but will exert pressure upon the cup member 32 which is rotated with the hub by reason of the key 33.

The plate 26 carrying the cone 21 is held against rotation by its engagement with the flange 25, hence the engagement of the two conical faces .28 and 34 will exert braking'tension upon the rotating parts. If the brake is to be applied manually, then the stress will be exerted 'upon the lever 62, which will be transmitted di- I rectly to the lever 69, which is rigidly attached cylinder 48 will similarly operate the arms 55 and. 69 whereupon the brake action will be the same. For the front wheel, as will be noted, no provision is made for manual actuation other than through the hydraulic installation.

. Of course thebrake herein illustrated may be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the invention herein set 'forth and hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

l; A brake comprising an axle, a hub mounted upon the axle, means carried by the hub for mounting a traction wheel, a housing non-rotatively embracing the axle and provided with a friction element within the chamber produced by said housing, a friction element within the housing carried by and rotating with the hub and adapted to move axially thereof, a cam within the housing positioned to move the friction element into frictionalengagement with the nonrotative friction element, a ring encircling said housing, said housing having a circumferential slot therein underlying said ring, a pin carried by said ring extending through said slot and into operative engagement, with said cam within the housing and serving to limit the movement of the ring by the limited extent of the slot, a rack mounted upon the ring without the housing, a lever fulcrumed upon the housing adjacent to the rack, a pawl carried by the lever in engagement with the rack, means to move the lever through an are having a definite stop provided therefor, a detent carried by the housing, said detent being adapted to engage the rack at a different position when the lever has reached its limiting stop, and a shell enclosing all of said organization.

2. A brake comprising a lubricant-containing housing, an axle extending through said housing, a hub mounted upon said axle and adapted to rotate relative to said housing, means carried by said hub for mounting a traction wheel, a friction unit mounted within the housing adapted to be moved into frictional engagement with a part of said housing, a cam disk mounted upon the axle and by. rotary movement tending to move one of said frictional elements into engagement with the other frictional element, a ring encircling the housing, said housing having a slot underlying the ring, a pin extending from the ring through said slot and into engagement with the cam, a lever fulcrumed upon the housing adjacent the ring, a segmental rack carried by the ring in operative relation to the lever, a pawl carried by the lever spring pressed into engagement with the rack, means to apply hydraulic stress to the lever, and means to apply stress to the lever.

3. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, an oil level gauge communicating with the chamber, a journal extending through the closure and provided with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation by the closure, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber to effect said longitudinal movement, and means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said effecting means.

4. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, a journal extending through the closure and provided with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation-by the closure, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber including a cam ring to eifect said longitudinal movement, and means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said effecting means.

5. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, a journal extending through the closure and provided withoil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation by the closure, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber to eifect said longitudinal movement, means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said effecting means, and a casing enclosing all of said organization, part of which is fixed and part rotating with the journal.

6. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a,

peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, a journal extending through the closure and provided with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation by a chamber wall, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber to effect said longitudinal movemen, means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said eifecting means.

7. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a 'peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, an oil level gauge communicating with the chamber, inlet and outlet oil conduits communicating with said chamber, a journal extending through the closure and provided with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation by a chamber wall, one of said membersbeing movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber including a cam ring to eifect said longitudinal movement, means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said effecting means.

8. A brakecomprising a fixed disc having a .peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, a journal extending through the disc and closure and provided with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the journal and one carried by and held against rotation by a part of the chamber structure, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the journal, means within the chamber to eifect said longitudinal movement, and means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate the said effecting means.

9. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a ,peripherial fiange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, an axle extending through the closure and integral with the disc, a hub mounted to rotate upon the a e n t n math pu h th c os re a d pro.-

vi-ded with oil restraining packing, interacting cone and cup members within the chamber, one of which is carried by and rotates with the axle and the other held against rotation by the closure, one of said members being movable longitudinally of the hub, means within the chamber to effect said longitudinal movement, and means externally of the chamber to apply stress to actuate said effecting means.

10. A brake comprising a fixed disc having a peripherial flange, a closure fixed to the flange forming a completely closed oil chamber, inlet and outlet oil conduits communicating with said the chamber to apply stress to actuate said ef- 1O fecting means.

NORMAN W. PEARSON. 

